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Cold & Snow
Base layers, insulated jackets, gloves and mittens, hand warmers, sleeping bags and pads. Bags are read by their ISO 23537 comfort and limit ratings, pads by their ASTM F3340 R-value, and cold-weather advice comes from the National Weather Service.
Start here
Merino or synthetic, and which fabric weight for which cold.
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Down vs synthetic fill, and what happens when it gets wet.
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Mittens, gloves and liners, against NWS frostbite times.
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Air-activated packs vs rechargeable warmers.
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ISO 23537 Comfort vs Limit, and which one to trust.
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ASTM F3340 R-values and stacking pads.
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NWS frostbite times for bare skin, and which balaclava or gaiter to wear.
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Heated vests and jackets: zones, watt-hours, washing and flying.
ReadHead to head
ORORO and Venustas heated vests compared on the makers' own figures: battery watt-hours and charge cycles, heat zones, run time per setting, washing and flying.
Air-activated toe, insole and body warmers from HotHands, Grabber and Little Hotties compared on hours per warmer, where each sticks and the makers' own warnings.
Battery-heated gloves, mittens, liners and socks compared on heat per setting, battery watt-hours, run times, the makers' washing rules and FAA carry-on limits.
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